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# COM #
COM is an object-oriented wrapper around WIN32OLE. COM makes it easy to add
behavior to WIN32OLE objects, making them easier to work with from Ruby.
## Usage ##
Using COM is rather straightforward. There’s basically four concepts to keep
track of:
1. COM objects
2. Instantiable COM objects
3. COM events
4. COM errors
Let’s look at each concept separately, using the following example as a base.
module Word end
class Word::Application < COM::Instantiable
def without_interaction
with_properties('displayalerts' => Word::WdAlertsNone){ yield }
end
def documents
Word::Documents.new(com.documents)
end
def quit(saving = Word::WdDoNotSaveChanges, *args)
com.quit saving, *args
end
end
### COM Objects ###
A COM::Object is a wrapper around a COM object. It provides error
specialization, which is discussed later and a few utility methods. You
typically use it to wrap COM objects that are returned by COM methods. If we
take the example given in the introduction, Word::Documents is a good
candidate:
class Word::Documents < COM::Object
DefaultOpenOptions = {
'confirmconversions' => false,
'readonly' => true,
'addtorecentfiles' => false,
'visible' => false
}.freeze
def open(path, options = {})
options = DefaultOpenOptions.merge(options)
options['filename'] = Pathname(path).to_com
Word::Document.new(com.open(options))
end
end
Here we override the #open method to be a bit easier to use, providing sane
defaults for COM interaction. Worth noting is the use of the #com method to
access the actual COM object to invoke the #open method on it. Also note that
Word::Document is also a COM::Object.
COM::Object provides a convenience method called #with_properties, which is
used in the #without_interaction method above. It lets you set properties on
the COM::Object during the duration of a block, restoring them after it exits
(successfully or with an error).
### Instantiable COM Objects ###
Instantiable COM objects are COM objects that we can connect to and that can be
created. The Word::Application object can, for example, be created.
Instantiable COM objects should inherit from COM::Instantiable. Instantiable
COM objects can be told what program ID to use, whether or not to allow
connecting to an already running object, and to load its associated constants
upon creation.
The program ID is used to determine what instantiable COM object to connect to.
By default the name of the COM::Instantiable class’ name is used, taking the
last two double-colon-separated components and joining them with a dot. For
Word::Application, the program ID is “Word.Application”. The program ID can be
set by using the .program_id method:
class IDontCare::ForConventions < COM::Instantiable
program_id 'Word.Application'
end
The program ID can be accessed with the same method:
Word::Application.program_id # ⇒ 'Word.Application'
Connecting to an already running COM object is not done by default, but is
sometimes desirable: the COM object might take a long time to create, or some
common state needs to be accessed. If the default for a certain instantiable
COM object should be to connect, this can be done using the .connect method:
class Word::Application < COM::Instantiable
connect
end
If no running COM object is available, then a new COM object will be created in
its stead. Whether or not a class uses the connection method can be queried
with the .connect? method:
Word::Application.connect? # ⇒ true
Whether or not to load constants associated with an instantiable COM object is
set with the .constants method:
class Word::Application < COM::Instantiable
constants true
end
and can similarly be checked:
Word::Application.constants? # ⇒ true
Constants are loaded by default.
When an instance of the instantiable COM object is created, a check is run to
see if constants should be loaded and whether or not they already have been
loaded. If they should be loaded and they haven’t already been loaded,
they’re, you guessed it, loaded. The constants are added to the module
containing the COM::Instantiable. Thus, for Word::Application, the Word module
will contain all the constants. Whether or not the constants have already been
loaded can be checked with .constants_loaded?:
Word::Application.constants_loaded # ⇒ false
That concludes the class-level methods.
Let’s begin with the #connected? method among the instance-level methods. This
method queries whether or not this instance connected to an already running COM
object:
Word::Application.new.connected? # ⇒ false
This can be very important in determining how shutdown of a COM object should
be done. If you connected to an already COM object it might be foolish to shut
it down if someone else is using it.
The #initialize method takes a couple of options:
* connect: whether or not to connect to a running instance
* constants: whether or not to load constants
These options will, when given, override the class-level defaults.
### Events ###
COM events are easily dealt with:
class Word::Application < COM::Instantiable
def initialize(options = {})
super
@events = COM::Events.new(com, 'ApplicationEvents',
'OnQuit')
end
def quit(saving = Word::WdDoNotSaveChanges, *args)
@events.observe('OnQuit', proc{ com.quit saving, *args }) do
yield if block_given?
end
end
end
To tell you the truth this API sucks and will most likely be rewritten. The
reason that it is the way it is is that WIN32OLE, which COM wraps, sucks. It’s
event API is horrid and the implementation is buggy. It will keep every
registered event block in memory for ever, freeing neither the blocks nor the
COM objects that yield the events.
### Errors ###
All errors generated by COM methods descend from COM::Error, except for those
cases where a Ruby error already exists. The following HRESULT error codes are
turned into Ruby errors:
HRESULT Error Code | Error Class
-------------------|------------
0x80004001 | NotImplementedError
0x80020005 | TypeError
0x80020006 | NoMethodError
0x8002000e | ArgumentError
0x800401e4 | ArgumentError
There are also a couple of other HRESULT error codes that are turned into more
specific errors than COM::Error:
HRESULT Error Code | Error Class
-------------------|------------
0x80020003 | MemberNotFoundError
0x800401e3 | OperationUnavailableError
Finally, when a method results in any other error, a COM::MethodInvocationError
will be raised, which can be queried for the specifics, specifically #message,
#method, #server, #code, #hresult_code, and #hresult_message.
### Pathname ###
The Pathname object receives an additional method, #to_com. This method is
useful for when you want to pass a Pathname object to a COM method. Simply
call #to_com to turn it into a String of the right encoding for COM:
Word::Application.new.documents.open(Pathname('a.docx').to_com)
# ⇒ Word::Document
## Installation ##
Install COM with
% gem install com
## License ##
You may use, copy and redistribute this library under the same [terms][1] as
Ruby itself.
[1]: http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt
## Contributors ##
* Nikolai Weibull
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U
U extends Ruby’s Unicode support. It provides a string class called
U::String with an interface that mimics that of the String class in Ruby 2.0,
but that can also be used from both Ruby 1.8. This interface also has more
complete Unicode support and never modifies the receiver. Thus, a U::String
is an immutable value object.
U comes with complete and very accurate documentation¹. The documentation can
realistically also be used as a reference to the Ruby String API and may
actually be preferable, as it’s a lot more explicit and complete than the
documentation that comes with Ruby.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/
§ Installation
Install u with
% gem install u
§ Usage
Usage is basically the following:
require 'u-1.0'
a = 'äbc'
a.upcase # ⇒ 'äBC'
a.u.upcase # ⇒ 'ÄBC'
That is, you require the library, then you invoke #u on a String. This’ll
give you a U::String that has much better Unicode support than a normal
String. It’s important to note that U only uses UTF-8, which means that #u
will try to #encode the String as such. This shouldn’t be an issue in most
cases, as UTF-8 is now more or less the universal encoding – and rightfully
so.
As U::Strings¹ are immutable value objects, there’s also a U::Buffer²
available for building U::Strings efficiently.
See the API³ for more complete usage information. The following sections
will only cover the extensions and differences that U::String exhibit from
Ruby’s built-in String class.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/Buffer/
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/
§ Unicode Properties
There are quite a few property-checking interrogators that let you check
if all characters in a U::String have the given Unicode property:
• #alnum?¹
• #alpha?²
• #assigned?³
• #case_ignorable?⁴
• #cased?⁵
• #cntrl?⁶
• #defined?⁷
• #digit?⁸
• #graph?⁹
• #newline?¹⁰
• #print?¹¹
• #punct?¹²
• #soft_dotted?¹³
• #space?¹⁴
• #title?¹⁵
• #valid?¹⁶
• #wide?¹⁷
• #wide_cjk?¹⁸
• #xdigit?¹⁹
• #zero_width?²⁰
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#alnum-p-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#alpha-p-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#assigned-p-instance-method
⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#case_ignorable-p-instance-method
⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#cased-p-instance-method
⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#cntrl-p-instance-method
⁷ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#defined-p-instance-method
⁸ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#digit-p-instance-method
⁹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#graph-p-instance-method
¹⁰ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#newline-p-instance-method
¹¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#print-p-instance-method
¹² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#punct-p-instance-method
¹³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#soft_dotted-p-instance-method
¹⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#space-p-instance-method
¹⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#title-p-instance-method
¹⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#valid-p-instance-method
¹⁷ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#wide-p-instance-method
¹⁸ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#wide_cjk-p-instance-method
¹⁹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#xdigit-p-instance-method
²⁰ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#zero_width-p-instance-method
Similar to these methods are
• #folded?¹
• #lower?²
• #upper?³
which check whether a ‹U::String› has been cased in a given manner.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#folded-p-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#lower-p-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#upper-p-instance-method
There’s also a #normalized?¹ method that checks whether a ‹U::String› has
been normalized on a given form.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#normalized-p-instance-method
You can also access certain Unicode properties of the characters of a
U::String:
• #canonical_combining_class¹
• #general_category²
• #grapheme_break³
• #line_break⁴
• #script⁵
• #word_break⁶
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#canonical_combining_class-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#general_category-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#grapheme_break-instance-method
⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#line_break-instance-method
⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#script-instance-method
⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#word_break-instance-method
§ Locale-specific Comparisons
Comparisons of U::Strings respect the current locale (and also allow you
to specify a locale to use): ‹#<=>›¹, #casecmp², and #collation_key³.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#comparison-operator
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#casecmp-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#collation_key-instance-method
§ Additional Enumerators
There are a couple of additional enumerators in #each_grapheme_cluster¹
and #each_word² (along with aliases #grapheme_clusters³ and #words⁴).
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#each_grapheme_cluster-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#each_word-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#grapheme_clusters-instance-method
⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#words-instance-method
§ Unicode-aware Sub-sequence Removal
#Chomp¹, #chop², #lstrip³, #rstrip⁴, and #strip⁵ all look for Unicode
newline and space characters, rather than only ASCII ones.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#chomp-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#chop-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#lstrip-instance-method
⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#rstrip-instance-method
⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#strip-instance-method
§ Unicode-aware Conversions
Case-shifting methods #downcase¹ and #upcase² do proper Unicode casing
and the interface is further augmented by #foldcase³ and #titlecase⁴.
#Mirror⁵ and #normalize⁶ do conversions similar in nature to the
case-shifting methods.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#downcase-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#upcase-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#foldcase-instance-method
⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#titlecase-instance-method
⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#mirror-instance-method
⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#normalize-instance-method
§ Width Calculations
#Width¹ will return the number of cells on a terminal that a U::String
will occupy.
#Center², #ljust³, and #rjust⁴ deal in width rather than length, making
them much more useful for generating terminal output. #%⁵ (and its alias
#format⁶) similarly deal in width.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#width-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#center-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#ljust-instance-method
⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#rjust-instance-method
⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#modulo-operator
⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#format-instance-method
§ Extended Type Conversions
Finally, #hex¹, #oct², and #to_i³ use Unicode alpha-numerics for their
respective conversions.
¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#hex-instance-method
² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#oct-instance-method
³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#to_i-instance-method
§ News
§ 1.0.0
Initial public release!
§ Financing
Currently, most of my time is spent at my day job and in my rather busy
private life. Please motivate me to spend time on this piece of software
by donating some of your money to this project. Yeah, I realize that
requesting money to develop software is a bit, well, capitalistic of me.
But please realize that I live in a capitalistic society and I need money
to have other people give me the things that I need to continue living
under the rules of said society. So, if you feel that this piece of
software has helped you out enough to warrant a reward, please PayPal a
donation to [email protected]¹. Thanks! Your support won’t go unnoticed!
¹ Send a donation:
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&[email protected]&item_name=U
§ Reporting Bugs
Please report any bugs that you encounter to the {issue tracker}¹.
¹ See https://github.com/now/u/issues
§ Authors
Nikolai Weibull wrote the code, the tests, the documentation, and this
README.
§ Licensing
U is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the {GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3}¹ or later², as
published by the {Free Software Foundation}³.
¹ See http://disu.se/licenses/lgpl-3.0/
² See http://gnu.org/licenses/
³ See http://fsf.org/
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This rubygem does not have a description or summary. | 13,740 |